Phule on Indian History

For public conversation, Phule usually explained India's history in three eras. This outline he sometimes expanded to four eras to distinguish the times of the Muslim rulers. While the headings are mine, the thoughts and words are from Phule.

The History of India

1. Invaded and enslaved: the Aryans
The original (Iranian) ancestors of the bhats waged a war against the original inhabitants in this land long ago and after defeating them, turned them into their slaves.

2. Intoxicated and exploited: the Brahmans
Later on, intoxicated with their power, they exploited every opportunity to produce crafty and cunning books and built, as it were, a strong fortress of these books in which they imprisoned all the slaves for generations. There, they have been torturing them in various ways and enjoying themselves at the cost of the slaves.

3. Dispatched, but disloyal: the Muslims
The Lord, the Merciful precisely because of his mercy and his desire to rescue the shudras and the atishudras from slavery, sent the monotheistic Muslims who do not believe in the caste system to this land. But then, the Muslims also betrayed God. They spent their time in banquets, luxurious living and musical concerts. They were busy enjoying the luxuries, as if they had almost gained paradise right here on earth. The Creator got annoyed with the Muslims. He deprived them of their power and glory.

4. Established and aggrieved: the British
And then He did not [keep] quiet. He civilized the English primitives, granted them qualities like extraordinary valor. Now He has sent them to our land to rescue the shudras and the atishudras from the slavery of the Arya bhats.

When the valiant British established their rule in this land, the kindhearted Europeans and Americans were deeply aggrieved by our misery. Some English gentlemen among them, following the teaching of a sage of their religion are in all sincerity making every effort to rescue the shudras and atishudras from their unnaturally slavery. And who did this sage happen to be?

Their great sage is called Yashwant and his great teaching is: You must love your enemy and do him a good turn. So they entered our prisons and asked us, "Folks, you are human beings just like us. Our Creator and Sustainer are one and the same. You are entitled to have all the rights that we have. Then why do you obey the dictates of these crafty bhats?"  All these sacred ideas awakened me to my real rights. Then I kicked the crafty Brahman prison gates open and fervently thanked the Creator for this deliverance.

G. P. Deshpande (editor), Selected Writings of Jotirao Phule. New Delhi: LeftWord 2002, 97-9 and 235-6.
Muslims in this section is my substitution, translated Mussalmans by Maya Pandit (1873). See Jotirao Phule, Caste Discrimination The Book of Truth, 1873. In G. P. Deshpande (editor), Selected Writings of Jotirao Phule. New Delhi: LeftWord 2002, 235.
Atiranati, which means extreme primitives.
Ibid., 235-6.

Deshpande, Professor of Chinese Studies, School of International Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, says: Phule has turned Yeshu [Jesus] into Yashwant, a Marathi name which means the Successful One.
Ibid., 236 and 98.

2004 Thom Wolf, UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE of Global Spectrum? the urban group


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